16:@0.058599:0.966558:0.074760:0.966558:0.074760:0.950778:0.058599:0.950778:0.000000:0.000000
CN.Q.5.1.11. Establecer y diferenciar las fuerzas intermoleculares partiendo de la descripción del puente de hidrógeno, fuerzas de London y de Van der :@0.147001:0.902095:0.883829:0.902095:0.883829:0.890618:0.147001:0.890618:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Waals, y dipolo-dipolo. :@0.143651:0.912153:0.259508:0.912153:0.259508:0.900676:0.143651:0.900676:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
CN.Q.5.1.16. Relacionar la estructura del átomo de carbono con su capacidad de formar enlaces de carbono-carbono, con la observación y descripción :@0.143651:0.922211:0.888949:0.922211:0.888949:0.910735:0.143651:0.910735:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
de modelos moleculares.:@0.145326:0.932270:0.268191:0.932270:0.268191:0.920793:0.145326:0.920793:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
El carbono y los enlaces químicos:@0.404235:0.106995:0.809860:0.106995:0.809860:0.062336:0.404235:0.062336:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Imagina:@0.196081:0.117472:0.252492:0.117472:0.252492:0.101999:0.196081:0.101999:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 un compuesto :@0.252457:0.117049:0.355112:0.117049:0.355112:0.101986:0.252457:0.101986:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
orgánico como la leche, ¿qué :@0.153337:0.132891:0.343589:0.132891:0.343589:0.117828:0.153337:0.117828:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
características la hacen orgá-:@0.153337:0.148733:0.337311:0.148733:0.337311:0.133670:0.153337:0.133670:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
nica?:@0.153337:0.164575:0.185263:0.164575:0.185263:0.149512:0.153337:0.149512:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Saberes previos:@0.199643:0.090434:0.323253:0.090434:0.323253:0.072751:0.199643:0.072751:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
¿A qué se debe que el :@0.191332:0.235542:0.335795:0.235542:0.335795:0.220479:0.191332:0.220479:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
átomo de carbono pueda pre-:@0.153337:0.251384:0.350592:0.251384:0.350592:0.236321:0.153337:0.236321:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sentar enlaces simples, dobles :@0.153337:0.267226:0.349619:0.267226:0.349619:0.252163:0.153337:0.252163:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
y triples con otros átomos de :@0.153337:0.283068:0.346507:0.283068:0.346507:0.268005:0.153337:0.268005:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
carbono?:@0.153337:0.298910:0.213390:0.298910:0.213390:0.283847:0.153337:0.283847:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Desequilibrio cognitivo:@0.189432:0.208927:0.350000:0.208927:0.350000:0.191244:0.189432:0.191244:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
hibridación.:@0.191310:0.369403:0.271714:0.369403:0.271714:0.354141:0.191310:0.354141:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 Propiedad :@0.271714:0.369205:0.346120:0.369205:0.346120:0.354141:0.271714:0.354141:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
que tienen los electrones de un :@0.153315:0.385047:0.360311:0.385047:0.360311:0.369983:0.153315:0.369983:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
subnivel de energía de saltar :@0.153315:0.400889:0.339189:0.400889:0.339189:0.385825:0.153315:0.385825:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
a otro subnivel energético del :@0.153315:0.416731:0.347683:0.416731:0.347683:0.401667:0.153315:0.401667:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
mismo nivel, para estabilizar el :@0.153315:0.432573:0.353101:0.432573:0.353101:0.417509:0.153315:0.417509:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
átomo.:@0.153315:0.448415:0.199137:0.448415:0.199137:0.433351:0.153315:0.433351:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Glosario:@0.204368:0.343302:0.271834:0.343302:0.271834:0.325620:0.204368:0.325620:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
En los compuestos orgánicos el carbono puede presentarse con los :@0.404235:0.136505:0.895859:0.136505:0.895859:0.120007:0.404235:0.120007:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
siguientes enlaces covalentes::@0.404235:0.153855:0.611026:0.153855:0.611026:0.137358:0.404235:0.137358:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Para comprender los enlaces que forma el carbono, se debe entender :@0.404235:0.360185:0.895965:0.360185:0.895965:0.343687:0.404235:0.343687:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
qué es lo que sucede con los orbitales atómicos donde se hallan sus :@0.404235:0.377535:0.895997:0.377535:0.895997:0.361038:0.404235:0.361038:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
cuatro electrones de valencia.:@0.404235:0.394886:0.613434:0.394886:0.613434:0.378389:0.404235:0.378389:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Hibridación de orbitales atómicos:@0.404235:0.434873:0.728024:0.434873:0.728024:0.414102:0.404235:0.414102:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Se denomina :@0.404235:0.450718:0.504587:0.450718:0.504587:0.434220:0.404235:0.434220:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
hibridación:@0.504395:0.450935:0.592030:0.450935:0.592030:0.434220:0.504395:0.434220:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 a la deformación que sufren los orbitales :@0.592321:0.450718:0.895938:0.450718:0.895938:0.434220:0.592321:0.434220:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
s y p, dando como resultado un nuevo tipo de orbital denomina-:@0.404235:0.468069:0.891684:0.468069:0.891684:0.451571:0.404235:0.451571:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
do híbrido. El carbono presenta tres tipos de hibridación en sus :@0.404235:0.485419:0.895878:0.485419:0.895878:0.468922:0.404235:0.468922:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
orbitales::@0.404235:0.502770:0.470815:0.502770:0.470815:0.486272:0.404235:0.486272:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
•:@0.404235:0.538180:0.411998:0.538180:0.411998:0.520988:0.404235:0.520988:0.000000
 :@0.411998:0.537472:0.416140:0.537472:0.416140:0.520974:0.411998:0.520974:0.000000
Hibridación tetragonal :@0.427969:0.537934:0.609159:0.537934:0.609159:0.520988:0.427969:0.520988:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sp:@0.610970:0.538166:0.627480:0.538166:0.627480:0.521003:0.610970:0.521003:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.627487:0.531523:0.632766:0.531523:0.632766:0.521517:0.627487:0.521517:0.000000
.:@0.632766:0.537934:0.636792:0.537934:0.636792:0.520988:0.632766:0.520988:0.000000
 Debido a la migración de un elec-:@0.636792:0.537472:0.891768:0.537472:0.891768:0.520974:0.636792:0.520974:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
trón del orbital   al orbital :@0.427976:0.554822:0.629394:0.554822:0.629394:0.538325:0.427976:0.538325:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2s:@0.542258:0.554938:0.556706:0.554938:0.556706:0.538469:0.542258:0.538469:0.000000:0.000000
2p:@0.630492:0.554938:0.647831:0.554938:0.647831:0.538469:0.630492:0.538469:0.000000:0.000000
z:@0.647742:0.558167:0.651617:0.558167:0.651617:0.548565:0.647742:0.548565:0.000000
, el carbono puede formar cuatro :@0.651617:0.554822:0.895939:0.554822:0.895939:0.538325:0.651617:0.538325:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
enlaces covalentes. Se esperaría que el orbital   sea diferente a los :@0.427986:0.572173:0.895972:0.572173:0.895972:0.555675:0.427986:0.555675:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
s:@0.754126:0.572289:0.760503:0.572289:0.760503:0.555820:0.754126:0.555820:0.000000
otros tres orbitales  ; sin embargo, los análisis muestran que los :@0.427986:0.589524:0.895881:0.589524:0.895881:0.573026:0.427986:0.573026:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
p:@0.569335:0.589640:0.578602:0.589640:0.578602:0.573171:0.569335:0.573171:0.000000
cuatro orbitales son idénticos. La hibridación tetragonal se produ-:@0.427986:0.606875:0.891830:0.606875:0.891830:0.590377:0.427986:0.590377:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ce por la combinación de un orbital   y tres orbitales  . El ángulo :@0.427986:0.624225:0.895822:0.624225:0.895822:0.607728:0.427986:0.607728:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
s:@0.690435:0.624341:0.696811:0.624341:0.696811:0.607872:0.690435:0.607872:0.000000
p:@0.809764:0.624341:0.819030:0.624341:0.819030:0.607872:0.809764:0.607872:0.000000
que se forma entre los orbitales es de 109,5°. Este tipo de hibrida-:@0.427986:0.641576:0.891853:0.641576:0.891853:0.625079:0.427986:0.625079:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ción es característico de las moléculas que forma el carbono con :@0.427986:0.658927:0.895935:0.658927:0.895935:0.642429:0.427986:0.642429:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
elementos monovalentes como el hidrógeno o los halógenos; por :@0.427986:0.676278:0.895877:0.676278:0.895877:0.659780:0.427986:0.659780:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ejemplo, el metano.:@0.427986:0.693628:0.567020:0.693628:0.567020:0.677131:0.427986:0.677131:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Enlaces de carbono:@0.579848:0.201255:0.716156:0.201255:0.716156:0.185267:0.579848:0.185267:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Enlace simple:@0.450230:0.252970:0.538073:0.252970:0.538073:0.237906:0.450230:0.237906:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Enlace doble:@0.605919:0.252970:0.688520:0.252970:0.688520:0.237906:0.605919:0.237906:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Enlace triple:@0.761133:0.252970:0.840322:0.252970:0.840322:0.237906:0.761133:0.237906:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
C—C:@0.485463:0.297842:0.520537:0.297842:0.520537:0.282779:0.485463:0.282779:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
C    C:@0.638795:0.297842:0.674292:0.297842:0.674292:0.282779:0.638795:0.282779:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
C    C:@0.792303:0.297842:0.827800:0.297842:0.827800:0.282779:0.792303:0.282779:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
C:@0.498865:0.799230:0.509729:0.799230:0.509729:0.782333:0.498865:0.782333:0.000000
C:@0.799656:0.799230:0.810520:0.799230:0.810520:0.782333:0.799656:0.782333:0.000000
H:@0.864768:0.814704:0.876980:0.814704:0.876980:0.797807:0.864768:0.797807:0.000000
H:@0.754170:0.829875:0.766382:0.829875:0.766382:0.812979:0.754170:0.812979:0.000000
H:@0.800094:0.740291:0.812305:0.740291:0.812305:0.723395:0.800094:0.723395:0.000000
H:@0.727757:0.805226:0.739969:0.805226:0.739969:0.788329:0.727757:0.788329:0.000000
+   4  H:@0.595018:0.799224:0.647855:0.799224:0.647855:0.782327:0.595018:0.782327:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sp:@0.742020:0.762626:0.760094:0.762626:0.760094:0.745729:0.742020:0.745729:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.760094:0.756480:0.765696:0.756480:0.765696:0.746629:0.760094:0.746629:0.000000
sp:@0.805640:0.837824:0.823715:0.837824:0.823715:0.820927:0.805640:0.820927:0.000000:0.000000
3:@0.823715:0.831678:0.829316:0.831678:0.829316:0.821827:0.823715:0.821827:0.000000
109,5º:@0.556053:0.757953:0.598092:0.757953:0.598092:0.743444:0.556053:0.743444:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 Orbitales  .:@0.439043:0.861420:0.500249:0.861420:0.500249:0.849943:0.439043:0.849943:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
sp:@0.487973:0.861500:0.498547:0.861500:0.498547:0.850044:0.487973:0.850044:0.000000:0.000000
Armendaris 3, Hibridación carbono formación molécula CH:@0.906920:0.847445:0.906920:0.680788:0.895452:0.680788:0.895452:0.847445:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
4:@0.909199:0.680788:0.909199:0.678849:0.902512:0.678849:0.902512:0.680788:0.000000
Establece:@0.191333:0.521148:0.257276:0.521148:0.257276:0.505676:0.191333:0.505676:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 cuántos :@0.257276:0.520726:0.316238:0.520726:0.316238:0.505663:0.257276:0.505663:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
enlaces simples, dobles y triples :@0.153339:0.536568:0.360354:0.536568:0.360354:0.521505:0.153339:0.521505:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
conforman la siguiente molécu-:@0.153339:0.552410:0.359299:0.552410:0.359299:0.537347:0.153339:0.537347:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
la orgánica::@0.153339:0.568252:0.225755:0.568252:0.225755:0.553189:0.153339:0.553189:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
4 enlaces simples, 1 enlace :@0.153339:0.679146:0.326949:0.679146:0.326949:0.664082:0.153339:0.664082:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
doble, 0 enlaces triples.:@0.153339:0.694988:0.301902:0.694988:0.301902:0.679924:0.153339:0.679924:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ejercicio resuelto:@0.192521:0.492685:0.329257:0.492685:0.329257:0.475002:0.192521:0.475002:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Establece:@0.191333:0.767721:0.257276:0.767721:0.257276:0.752249:0.191333:0.752249:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 el número de :@0.257276:0.767299:0.351436:0.767299:0.351436:0.752236:0.257276:0.752236:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
enlaces simples, dobles o triples :@0.153339:0.783141:0.361919:0.783141:0.361919:0.768078:0.153339:0.768078:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
del siguiente ejercicio.:@0.153339:0.798983:0.293422:0.798983:0.293422:0.783920:0.153339:0.783920:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Ejercicio propuesto:@0.192521:0.739258:0.347090:0.739258:0.347090:0.721575:0.192521:0.721575:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
etileno:@0.162363:0.594695:0.206813:0.594695:0.206813:0.579632:0.162363:0.579632:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
C    C:@0.239289:0.630328:0.278166:0.630328:0.278166:0.613831:0.239289:0.613831:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
H:@0.284369:0.614713:0.297084:0.614713:0.297084:0.597767:0.284369:0.597767:0.000000
H:@0.221892:0.615783:0.234607:0.615783:0.234607:0.598837:0.221892:0.598837:0.000000
H:@0.285333:0.644744:0.298048:0.644744:0.298048:0.627798:0.285333:0.627798:0.000000
H:@0.221892:0.645105:0.234607:0.645105:0.234607:0.628160:0.221892:0.628160:0.000000
acetileno:@0.162204:0.823686:0.220918:0.823686:0.220918:0.808623:0.162204:0.808623:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
C    C:@0.245085:0.845065:0.283962:0.845065:0.283962:0.828568:0.245085:0.828568:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
H:@0.293788:0.846121:0.306503:0.846121:0.306503:0.829175:0.293788:0.829175:0.000000
H:@0.221890:0.846121:0.234605:0.846121:0.234605:0.829175:0.221890:0.829175:0.000000
Archivo editorial Maya Educación, 2025.:@0.718794:0.326529:0.891574:0.326529:0.891574:0.316487:0.718794:0.316487:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
2 enlaces simples, 0 enlaces dobles, 1 enlace triple.:@0.147926:0.872824:0.362707:0.872824:0.362707:0.862782:0.147926:0.862782:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000