We use the present perfect simple::@0.066358:0.187403:0.381587:0.187403:0.381587:0.168212:0.066358:0.168212:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
a.:@0.066358:0.209250:0.083245:0.209250:0.083245:0.189878:0.066358:0.189878:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.083245:0.209250:0.091366:0.209250:0.091366:0.189878:0.083245:0.189878:0.000000
to talk about actions that happened in the past, but we don’t know or mention the :@0.091366:0.209069:0.857959:0.209069:0.857959:0.189878:0.091366:0.189878:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
exact time. :@0.066358:0.227174:0.171836:0.227174:0.171836:0.207983:0.066358:0.207983:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
I :@0.066358:0.248840:0.080109:0.248840:0.080109:0.229649:0.066358:0.229649:0.000000:0.000000
have read:@0.080109:0.249021:0.179676:0.249021:0.179676:0.229649:0.080109:0.229649:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 this book before, so I don’t want to read it again.:@0.179676:0.248840:0.643365:0.248840:0.643365:0.229649:0.179676:0.229649:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
b.:@0.066358:0.292353:0.082642:0.292353:0.082642:0.272980:0.066358:0.272980:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.082642:0.292353:0.090763:0.292353:0.090763:0.272980:0.082642:0.272980:0.000000
to talk about actions that happened in the recent past and their results are clear in the :@0.090763:0.292172:0.897506:0.292172:0.897506:0.272980:0.090763:0.272980:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
present. :@0.066358:0.310277:0.142025:0.310277:0.142025:0.291085:0.066358:0.291085:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Do you have a band-aid?:@0.066358:0.331943:0.306224:0.331943:0.306224:0.312751:0.066358:0.312751:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 I have cut:@0.306224:0.332124:0.412005:0.332124:0.412005:0.312751:0.306224:0.312751:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 my finger, and it is bleeding.:@0.412005:0.331943:0.679349:0.331943:0.679349:0.312751:0.412005:0.312751:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
To form the present perfect simple, we use have/has and the past participle form (V3) of :@0.066358:0.375274:0.890661:0.375274:0.890661:0.356083:0.066358:0.356083:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
the verb. :@0.066358:0.393379:0.153502:0.393379:0.153502:0.374188:0.066358:0.374188:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
For irregular forms of verbs, see the list on page :@0.066358:0.415045:0.518605:0.415045:0.518605:0.395854:0.066358:0.395854:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
119-121:@0.518110:0.415045:0.570016:0.415045:0.570016:0.395854:0.518110:0.395854:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
.:@0.570016:0.415045:0.573795:0.415045:0.573795:0.395854:0.570016:0.395854:0.000000
• affirmative form with regular verbs:@0.066358:0.458558:0.421753:0.458558:0.421753:0.439185:0.066358:0.439185:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
• affirmative form with irregular verbs :@0.066358:0.630406:0.443102:0.630406:0.443102:0.611033:0.066358:0.611033:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Time expressions used for the :@0.066358:0.801560:0.343452:0.801560:0.343452:0.782368:0.066358:0.782368:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
present perfect simple:@0.343452:0.801560:0.542991:0.801560:0.542991:0.782368:0.343452:0.782368:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
: :@0.542991:0.801560:0.555053:0.801560:0.555053:0.782368:0.542991:0.782368:0.000000:0.000000
just, already, yet, ever, never, before, so far, once, twice, etc.:@0.066358:0.823225:0.610772:0.823225:0.610772:0.804034:0.066358:0.804034:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
just:@0.066358:0.844891:0.094623:0.844891:0.094623:0.825700:0.066358:0.825700:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 and :@0.094623:0.844891:0.145785:0.844891:0.145785:0.825700:0.094623:0.825700:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
already:@0.145785:0.844891:0.214516:0.844891:0.214516:0.825700:0.145785:0.825700:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 are used in only affirmative sentences; yet is used in negative sentences :@0.214516:0.844891:0.887687:0.844891:0.887687:0.825700:0.214516:0.825700:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
and questions, and :@0.066358:0.862996:0.246981:0.862996:0.246981:0.843805:0.066358:0.843805:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
ever:@0.246983:0.862996:0.285600:0.862996:0.285600:0.843805:0.246983:0.843805:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 is only used in questions:@0.285600:0.862996:0.514045:0.862996:0.514045:0.843805:0.285600:0.843805:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
subject:@0.103482:0.496020:0.159435:0.496020:0.159435:0.479877:0.103482:0.479877:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
auxiliary:@0.320979:0.496020:0.389848:0.496020:0.389848:0.479877:0.320979:0.479877:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
verb:@0.395376:0.496020:0.431226:0.496020:0.431226:0.479877:0.395376:0.479877:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
verb:@0.501904:0.496020:0.537755:0.496020:0.537755:0.479877:0.501904:0.479877:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
+ ed:@0.544355:0.496020:0.579987:0.496020:0.579987:0.479877:0.544355:0.479877:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
I / You / We / They :@0.103482:0.533513:0.286720:0.533513:0.286720:0.514322:0.103482:0.514322:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
have   :@0.320975:0.533513:0.389566:0.533513:0.389566:0.514322:0.320975:0.514322:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.441593:0.533513:0.449875:0.533513:0.449875:0.514322:0.441593:0.514322:0.000000
watched :@0.501901:0.533513:0.586253:0.533513:0.586253:0.514322:0.501901:0.514322:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.622518:0.533513:0.630801:0.533513:0.630801:0.514322:0.622518:0.514322:0.000000
this film.:@0.682827:0.533513:0.753227:0.533513:0.753227:0.514322:0.682827:0.514322:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
He /:@0.103482:0.570810:0.144794:0.570810:0.144794:0.551618:0.103482:0.551618:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
She /:@0.152272:0.570810:0.200338:0.570810:0.200338:0.551618:0.152272:0.551618:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
It:@0.207816:0.570810:0.219436:0.570810:0.219436:0.551618:0.207816:0.551618:0.000000:0.000000
has:@0.320975:0.570810:0.351592:0.570810:0.351592:0.551618:0.320975:0.551618:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
visited:@0.501901:0.570810:0.556661:0.570810:0.556661:0.551618:0.501901:0.551618:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Paris.:@0.682827:0.570810:0.728682:0.570810:0.728682:0.551618:0.682827:0.551618:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
subject :@0.103482:0.673458:0.166002:0.673458:0.166002:0.657314:0.103482:0.657314:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
          :@0.200361:0.673458:0.268041:0.673458:0.268041:0.657314:0.200361:0.657314:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
auxiliary verb      irregular form of the verb:@0.320979:0.673458:0.677017:0.673458:0.677017:0.657314:0.320979:0.657314:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
I / You / We / They :@0.103482:0.706015:0.286720:0.706015:0.286720:0.686823:0.103482:0.686823:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
have   :@0.320975:0.706015:0.389566:0.706015:0.389566:0.686823:0.320975:0.686823:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
   eaten                 :@0.441593:0.706015:0.657839:0.706015:0.657839:0.686823:0.441593:0.686823:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
  spaghetti.:@0.682827:0.706015:0.785251:0.706015:0.785251:0.686823:0.682827:0.686823:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
He / She / It :@0.103482:0.746329:0.227416:0.746329:0.227416:0.727137:0.103482:0.727137:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.260667:0.746329:0.268949:0.746329:0.268949:0.727137:0.260667:0.727137:0.000000
has :@0.320975:0.746329:0.359874:0.746329:0.359874:0.727137:0.320975:0.727137:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 :@0.381284:0.746329:0.389566:0.746329:0.389566:0.727137:0.381284:0.727137:0.000000
   bought               :@0.441593:0.746329:0.653959:0.746329:0.653959:0.727137:0.441593:0.727137:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
  a new smartphone.:@0.682827:0.746329:0.874086:0.746329:0.874086:0.727137:0.682827:0.727137:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
108:@0.032970:0.961019:0.063888:0.961019:0.063888:0.941646:0.032970:0.941646:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Grammar:@0.196362:0.098854:0.314219:0.098854:0.314219:0.073265:0.196362:0.073265:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
present perfect tense :@0.343036:0.086105:0.557251:0.086105:0.557251:0.066733:0.343036:0.066733:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
(with since, for, just, already, yet):@0.343036:0.104210:0.659411:0.104210:0.659411:0.084838:0.343036:0.084838:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Unit 8 - :@0.111291:0.959327:0.188868:0.959327:0.188868:0.940136:0.111291:0.940136:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
Student Book:@0.188727:0.959508:0.317565:0.959508:0.317565:0.940136:0.188727:0.940136:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
MUESTRA EDITORIAL:@0.248624:0.946277:0.888601:0.114341:0.744192:0.051768:0.104215:0.883703:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000
 Muestra editorial solo para fines didácticos – Prohibida su venta:@0.095137:0.659264:0.095137:0.341881:0.077090:0.341881:0.077090:0.659264:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000:0.000000